When one AM radio station wave modulates another in the ionosphere. Mixing of two AM station waves in the ionosphere (in the same volume of plasma).

Experimental demonstration with HAARP. When HAARP broadcasts music in AM.

 

Dr. Chris Fallen presents theoretically the Luxembourg effect at his presentation https://livestream.com/internetsociety/hope/videos/178070432 at 23min55s (3min talk until 26min29s)

Slide title: "Radio Luxembourg, the first high-power radio modification of the ionosphere"

Reference: Tellegen, B.D.H (1933) "Interaction between Radio-Waves?" Nature 131(840)

 

How to design such an experiment with HARPP?

Have half the array transmit one radio frequency (or radio broadcast) and the other half transmit another. (We refer to two different channels.)

This is equivalent to having two powerful radio-transmitters. The two frequencies will mix in the ionosphere. Approximately equal mixing at each channel.

 

Dr. Fallen refers to the experimental demonstration of the Luxembourg effect with HAARP at 42min55s.

 

1) First audio frequency reproduction of the Luxembourg effect with HAARP (time point: 47min00s) was in 2014. He chose telephone touch tones (DTMF tones) familiar to most. He had written code for wav file generation for a programming teaching course. HAAPR's AM mode could be defined by wav files. This actually makes HAARP like a big radio that can be used "to transmit your play list" with Gigawatts of power.

 

2) Art students composed two pieces of abstract jazz music for a Luxembourg effect demonstration.

 

3) In collaboration with Jeff Dumps (KL4IU) he broadcasted a childrens's song "row, row, row your boat" (48min36s)

 

KL4IU's "Amateur Radio Science Experiment at HAARP" https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/amateur-radio-science-experiment-at-haarp#/

Dr. Fallen said that amateur radio operator had paid for the experiment with a credit card and that HAARP accepts all major credit cards!

 

4) Reproduction of the Luxembourg effect with HAARP in 2017. Tweet by @ctfallen on 2018-12-10 https://twitter.com/ctfallen/status/1072103474668728321

Description:

Frequency 1 (F1) is tunded to 2800 KHz in AM mode

Frequency 2 (F2) is tuned to 3300 KHz in AM mode

F1 is at the left audio channel and F2 at the right audio channel.

Use headphones. You hear an F1 tone on the left audio channel followed by an F2 tone on the right audio channel in a sequence.

 

The protocol has the steps described below. The first, third and fourth have a duration of one minute exactly. The second is 30 seconds.

 

2min21 Simultaneous tones on each frequency

3min21 No modulation on either frequency

3min51 Continuous tones on each frequency

4min51 Unmodulated CW on each frequency (Term "CW" here means "Continuous Wave")

5min21 Music transmitted in each frequency

6min51 Idem

8min21 Idem - "Note that 3300 KHz appears to have intentional off times in carrier and audio"

9min25 Unmodulated carrier, both frequencies

Followed by 'both frequencies off' and repetition of the set

 

 

(Radiofrequency) Mixing - Heterodyning - Non-linear combination 

Generation of new frequencies at sum or difference of original ones - Represented mathematically with wave multiplication

 

What is the result of applying two different voltages (cf. waveforms) on a non-linear electrical circuit element like a diode?

 

https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/rf-mixer/rf-mixing-basics.php (1)

“RF mixing is not like audio mixing where several signals are added together in a linear fashion to give several sounds together. Radio frequency, or RF mixing is a non-linear process that involves the instantaneous level of one signal affecting the level of the other at the output.”

 

https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/rf-mixer/rf-mixing-basics.php (2)

“It is found that if two signals are passed through a non-linear circuit, then additional signals on new frequencies are formed. These appear at frequencies equal to the sum and difference frequencies of the original signals. In other words if signals at frequencies of f1 and f2 enter the mixer, then additional signals at frequencies of (f1+f2) and (f1-f2) will also be seen at the output.”

 

(1) “If two signals, one at a frequency of 5 MHz and another at a frequency of 6 MHz are mixed together then new signals at frequencies of 11 MHz and 1 MHz are generated.”

 

“RF mixer mathematics: It is possible to easily represent the action of an RF mixer mathematically. The two input waveforms are represented by simple sine waves, and these are multiplied together.” (cf image of post)

 

(2) RF Mixer applications: “They are used in circuits from radio receivers and transmitters to radar systems”

"Frequency translation:  The most obvious application for RF mixers is for frequency translation. This technique is used in many areas and in particular in receivers and transmitters to move the frequency of a signal from one band to another."

 

Additional reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_mixer