Sensing
Sensing of Magnetic and Electric fields (Magnetometry and Electrometry)
Atomic Magnetometers
Atom Interferometers
Atomic antenna / Atomic radio
AC Stark effect or Autler–Townes effect
Splitting/spacing of spectral lines proportional to electric field amplitude
Atomic spectroscopy &
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT)
Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI)
(MR-based Magnetometry)
Remote Sensing - Spectral Imaging
Remote Sensing of Range (Distance, Position) and Velocity
RADAR
LIDAR
SONAR
Remote Sensing of Magnetic Fields - Remote Optical Magnetometry
LGS tech
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using mesospheric sodium and interrogation of Larmor precession
(proportional to magnetic field strength)
Faraday effect
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using oxygen and the Faraday effect
(rotation of light polarization proportional to magnetic field strength)
Faraday-SMOKE
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry for underwater objects using the Faraday effect and the Surface Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (SMOKE)
Zeeman spectroscopy
Magnetography of Sun and other stars using Zeeman spectroscopy (splitting/spacing of magnetically sensitive spectroscopic lines)
Zeeman spectroscopy
Zeeman spectroscopy remote magnetometry using mesospheric oxygen and radiometers (ground or satellites)
Ionosphere sensing and modification
Electron sensing (diagnostics) / electron characterization
GPS measurement of electron content
ULF/ELF/VLF wave generation with ionospheric heaters: Creating low frequencies from high frequency transmissions
Ionosphere as plasma
Plasma frequency and cyclotron frequency for electrons and ions
Electron sensing Measurement of electron content by GPS
Sensing with spectral broadening of atomic lines: Stark broadening, Doppler and resonance broadening
ULF/ELF/VLF generation with ionospheric heaters
Polar Electrojet (PEJ) antenna or Ionospheric Current Drive (ICD)
Ionospheric heaters
HF transmitters
Geomagnetic pulsations - ULF waves
Nervous system synchronization with geomagnetic field-line resonances
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Version imprimable