Atomic Magnetometers

Atom Interferometers

Atomic antenna / Atomic radio

AC Stark effect or Autler–Townes effect

Splitting/spacing of spectral lines proportional to electric field amplitude
Atomic spectroscopy &
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT)

Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI)

(MR-based Magnetometry)

Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using mesospheric sodium and interrogation of Larmor precession

(proportional to magnetic field strength)

Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using oxygen and the Faraday effect

(rotation of light polarization proportional to magnetic field strength)

Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry for underwater objects using the Faraday effect and the Surface Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (SMOKE)

Magnetography of Sun and other stars using Zeeman spectroscopy (splitting/spacing of magnetically sensitive spectroscopic lines)

Zeeman spectroscopy remote magnetometry using mesospheric oxygen and radiometers (ground or satellites)

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