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Atomic Magnetometers
Atom Interferometers
Atomic antenna / Atomic radio
AC Stark effect or Autler–Townes effect
Splitting/spacing of spectral lines proportional to electric field amplitude Atomic spectroscopy & Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT)
Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI)
(MR-based Magnetometry)
Remote Sensing - Spectral Imaging
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using mesospheric sodium and interrogation of Larmor precession
(proportional to magnetic field strength)
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry using oxygen and the Faraday effect
(rotation of light polarization proportional to magnetic field strength)
Laser/LIDAR remote magnetometry for underwater objects using the Faraday effect and the Surface Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (SMOKE)
Magnetography of Sun and other stars using Zeeman spectroscopy (splitting/spacing of magnetically sensitive spectroscopic lines)
Zeeman spectroscopy remote magnetometry using mesospheric oxygen and radiometers (ground or satellites)